Reverse transcriptase-dependent and -independent phases of infection with mouse mammary tumor virus: implications for superantigen function

Regions of mouse mammary tumor virus superantigen involved in interaction with the major histocompatibility complex class II I-A molecule.

To study the major histocompatibility complex class II I-E dependence of mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) superantigens, we constructed hybrids between the I-E-dependent MMTV(GR) and the I-E-independent mtv-7 superantigens and tested them in vivo. Our results suggest that, although the C-terminal third mediates I-A interaction, additional binding sites are located elsewhere in the superantigen.

Expression of a MHC class II transgene determines both superantigenicity and susceptibility to mammary tumor virus infection

Milk-borne mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) is a type B retrovirus that induces mammary carcinoma. Infectious MMTV, as well as genomically integrated mouse mammary proviruses, encode superantigens that are recognized by T cells that express appropriate T cell receptor V beta products. To determine the relationship between the superantigenic property of milk-borne MMTV and its in vivo infectivit...

A reverse transcriptase-loop mediated isothermal amplification assay (RT-LAMP) for rapid detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 and 2

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a pathogen that infects cattle, and is globally important. It causes substantial financial losses to the livestock industry. In the current study, a one-step reverse transcriptase-loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay was set up for rapid and efficient detection of BVDV. For this purpose, four primers were designed to recognize six distinct...

Superantigen-reactive CD4+ T cells are required to stimulate B cells after infection with mouse mammary tumor virus

Superantigens are defined by their ability to stimulate a large fraction of T cells via interaction with the T cell receptor (TCR) V beta domain. Endogenous superantigens, classically termed minor lymphocyte-stimulating (Mls) antigens, were recently identified as products of open reading frames (ORF) in integrated proviral copies of mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV). We have described an infecti...

Tumor Virus Superantigen Transcriptional Activation of Mammary Chromatin Structural Change in the Role of Ikaros, Demethylation, and Transcripts in Lymphomas of SJL/J Mice: Mammary Tumor Virus Superantigen Transcriptional Activator Initiated env Regulation of Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus